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About the region

Fergana Region

The heart of the Fergana Valley — two-thousand-year-old cities, masters of silk and ceramics, and the foothills of the Alay. Facts about the region, places and services in one place.

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  • 6.8k km²area
  • 4.1M+population (1 Jan 2025)
  • 15districts
  • 4cities of regional status
  • 1938established (15 January)
  • Ferganaadministrative centre

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The southern gate of the valley

Fergana Region lies in the southern part of the Fergana Valley. It borders Namangan and Andijan regions to the north, Kyrgyzstan to the east and south, and Tajikistan to the west. The Sokh and Shohimardon exclaves are also part of the region.

The region has 15 districts and 4 cities of regional status — Fergana, Kokand, Margilan and Kuvasoy. On 1 January 2025 its permanent population was 4,144,700 — one of the most densely populated areas of the country.

The climate is sharply continental: hot, dry summers and relatively mild winters. Rivers such as the Isfayramsoy, Shohimardonsoy and Sokh flow down from the Alay and Turkestan ranges and water the orchards.

Places to see

Must-see sights of the valley.

All tourist places
  • Palace of Khudayar Khan Qoʻqon shaxar

    Palace of Khudayar Khan

    Built in 1871, a symbol of the Kokand Khanate’s power. Today it houses the regional history museum.

    On the map In directory
  • Jome Mosque Qoʻqon shaxar

    Jome Mosque

    An early 19th-century complex of Umar Khan’s time: mosque, madrasa and minaret, famous for its wide wooden-columned ayvan.

    On the map In directory
  • Daxma-i-Shaxon Mausoleum Qoʻqon shaxar

    Daxma-i-Shaxon Mausoleum

    Family mausoleum of the Kokand khans (1825). Its carved, painted ayvan is a gem of folk architecture.

    On the map In directory
  • Yodgorlik Silk Factory Margʻilon shaxar

    Yodgorlik Silk Factory

    Since 1983 it has kept alive hand-woven atlas and adras: watch cocoons being reeled, threads dyed and silk woven.

    On the map In directory
  • Rishton Ceramics Rishton tumani

    Rishton Ceramics

    Pottery with deep blue and turquoise “ishqor” glaze. Watch potters at work and buy pieces in their workshops.

    On the map In directory
  • Shohimardon and Kuli Kubbon Fargʻona tumani

    Shohimardon and Kuli Kubbon

    An exclave in the mountains: clean air, waterfalls and a blue lake more than 1,700 m above sea level.

    On the map In directory
  • Fergana’s avenues Fargʻona shaxar

    Fergana’s avenues

    Wide streets, shady plane-tree alleys and Ahmad al-Farghani Park — the pride of the regional capital.

    On the map In directory
  • Buddhist temple of Quva Quva tumani

    Buddhist temple of Quva

    An archaeological site of the 7th–8th centuries — a rare place that preserves traces of Buddhism in the valley.

    On the map In directory
  • Pir Siddiq Mausoleum Margʻilon shaxar

    Pir Siddiq Mausoleum

    A shrine dating from the 17th century: mausoleum, mosque, minaret and dovecote. Legend says pigeons hid the saint from his enemies — the courtyard is still full of them.

    On the map In directory
  • Madari-Khan Mausoleum Qoʻqon shaxar

    Madari-Khan Mausoleum

    A mausoleum Nodira commissioned in 1825 in memory of her mother-in-law. Its tiled portal and turquoise dome are a refined example of Kokand architecture.

    On the map In directory
History

Pages of history

Over two thousand years of history: from Dayuan to the Kokand Khanate, from the Great Fergana Canal to a “World Crafts City”.

  1. Antiquity
    Han-dynasty bronze horse
    2nd c. BC

    Dayuan and the “heavenly horses”

    The state of Dayuan flourished in the valley. Chinese chronicles mention its 70+ cities and hardy “heavenly horses”; the Han empire campaigned for them in 104–101 BC.

    70+ cities
  2. Zhang Qian’s journey — Mogao Caves mural
    128 BC

    The mission of Zhang Qian

    Chinese envoy Zhang Qian reached Dayuan. His journey opened the route linking East and West that would later be called the Great Silk Road.

  3. 7th–8th c.

    Buddhist temple of Quva

    Excavations in Quva revealed an early medieval Buddhist temple and a clay Buddha — different cultures lived side by side in the valley.

  4. Middle Ages
    797

    Ahmad al-Farghani

    Born in Quva, the astronomer and mathematician worked at Baghdad’s House of Wisdom. His astronomy book was read in Europe for centuries as “Alfraganus”.

  5. The Nilometer on Roda Island, Cairo
    861

    The Nile gauge

    Al-Farghani supervised the building of the Nilometer on Roda Island in Cairo, a structure to measure the Nile’s level. It survives to this day.

  6. 1178

    “Al-Hidaya”

    Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, born in Rishton and working in Margilan, completed “Al-Hidaya” — a key source of Islamic law for centuries.

  7. Portrait of Babur, early 17th-century miniature (British Museum)
    1494

    Babur, ruler of Fergana

    Twelve-year-old Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur took the throne of Fergana. His “Baburnama” opens with a description of the Fergana country.

  8. Kokand Khanate
    Kokand, Madali Khan madrasa — Turkestan Album, 1871–1872
    1709

    Kokand Khanate

    Founded by Shahrukh Biy, the khanate lasted until 1876. Its capital Kokand became the political, trading and cultural centre of the valley.

    1709–1876
  9. Chalpak madrasa, Kokand
    18th–19th c.

    Madrasas of Kokand

    The Norbutabiy, Madali Khan, Chalpak and other madrasas were built — Kokand became famous for learning and crafts.

  10. Gate of the Jome Mosque, Kokand
    1810–1822

    The age of Umar Khan and Nodira

    Under Umar Khan and the poet Nodira, literature flourished in Kokand; the Jome Mosque complex rose in the city centre.

  11. A column of the Dahmai Shohon ayvan
    1825

    Dahmai Shohon

    The family mausoleum of the Kokand khans was built. Its carved, painted ayvan is a gem of folk architecture.

  12. Khudoyar Khan Palace — photo from 1871–1872 (Turkestan Album)
    1871

    Khudoyar Khan Palace

    The palace of the last ruler, Khudoyar Khan, was built. Today it houses the regional history museum.

  13. 20th century
    Bazaar in Skobelev (Fergana), early 20th century
    1876

    Fergana city founded

    The Kokand Khanate was abolished, Fergana Oblast was formed and “New Margelan” began to rise; it became Skobelev in 1907 and Fergana in 1924.

  14. A 1906 building in Fergana
    Early 20th c.

    A new city takes shape

    Wide streets, avenues and brick buildings formed the historic core of today’s city.

  15. Cotton field in the Fergana Valley
    1938

    The region is formed

    Fergana Region was established on 15 January; its administrative centre is the city of Fergana.

    15 January
  16. The Great Fergana Canal, Rishton
    1939

    The Great Fergana Canal

    160,000 people dug the 270-km canal in 45 days through collective labour (hashar). It still waters the valley’s fields today.

    270 km · 45 days
  17. Reeling silk from cocoons, Yodgorlik factory
    1983

    Yodgorlik factory

    A factory opened in Margilan to preserve hand-woven atlas and adras — today a living museum of the Silk Road.

  18. Independence
    Margilan atlas silk
    2007

    Margilan turns 2000

    Margilan’s 2,000th anniversary was celebrated on 7 September.

    2,000 years
  19. Handicraft items
    2019

    Kokand, World Crafts City

    The first International Handicrafters Festival was held in Kokand on 14 September; the city became a “World Crafts City” for woodcarving.

    1,000+ artisans

Crafts and economy

A land of both industry and ancient crafts.

  • Margilan silk

    Margilan is the capital of Uzbek silk. Atlas and adras fabrics are hand-woven using the abrband (ikat) technique.

  • Rishton pottery

    Blue-glazed plates and bowls made from local clay and natural pigments are known worldwide.

  • Industry and farming

    Oil refining, chemicals, textiles and light industry; cotton, grain, orchards and vineyards. Quva pomegranates and Oltiariq grapes are famous.

Nature and leisure

The foothills of the Alay and Turkestan ranges begin in the south of the region. In summer the mountain villages of Shohimardon and Sokh become cool retreats.

  • Mountain rivers and waterfalls
  • Blue Lake (Kuli Kubbon)
  • Orchards and vineyards
  • Health camps

Cities and districts

Places and services in every part of the region.

Sons and daughters of the valley

The Fergana land raised world-famous scholars and poets.

  • Ahmad al-Farghani9th century

    Astronomer and mathematician born in Quva; “Alfraganus” in Europe.

  • Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani1123–1197

    Author of “Al-Hidaya”, a great jurist.

  • Uvaysiy1779–1845

    Poet from Margilan, a leading voice of Kokand’s literary circle and mentor of poets.

  • Nodira1792–1842

    Poet and patron of Kokand’s literary circle.

  • Muqimiy1850–1903

    Kokand poet, master of satire and lyrics.

  • Furqat1859–1909

    Kokand poet and enlightener.

  • Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy1889–1929

    Kokand poet, playwright and composer.

  • Abdulla Qahhor1907–1968

    Born in Kokand, a classic of 20th-century Uzbek prose.

  • Mukarrama Turgunbaeva1913–1978

    Born in Fergana; dancer and founder of Uzbek stage dance, People’s Artist of the USSR.

  • Erkin Vohidov1936–2016

    Born in Oltiariq, People’s Poet and Hero of Uzbekistan.

Most viewed places

From schools and hospitals to teahouses and museums — a directory of every place in the region.

All places
Illustrative photo EducationSchool No. 28, Fergana CitySchool Fargʻona shaxarIllustrative photo HealthMother and child care centerHospital Quva tumaniIllustrative photo EducationSchool No. 32School Toshloq tumaniIllustrative photo HealthRegional Maternity HospitalHospital Fargʻona shaxarIllustrative photo Education"Ideal plus" SchoolSchool Fargʻona shaxarIllustrative photo HealthDentistryDentist Quva tumaniIllustrative photo HealthCity HospitalHospital Margʻilon shaxarIllustrative photo HealthChildren's HospitalHospital Margʻilon shaxar

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Photos

Photos from Wikimedia Commons are used under free licences with the authors credited.